The eggs of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. Summary notes for western flower thrips and banded greenhouse thrips embryogenesis in support of published visual data i. Because the anal droplet is used in defense against arthropod predators, it was hypothesized that the alarm pheromone decyl acetate plus dodecyl acetate acts as a defensive allomone. Thripidae is a major agricultural and horticulture pest worldwide kirk, 2002. Analysis of the salivary gland transcriptome of frankliniella occidentalis candice a. Frankliniella occidentalis wikispecies, free species directory. Frankliniella occidentalis distinguishing features both sexes fully winged. A new attractant for monitoring western flower thrips, frankliniella. Despite routine insecticide applications for thrips control, some plum producers report economic losses due to pansy spot damage, pits and holes that render fruit unfit for export. Frankliniella occidentalis and hercinothrips femoralis embryogenesis laboratory notes. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The alarm pheromone of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera.
Frankliniella occidentalis has six developmental stages, which are typically found in different parts of plants. Difficulties in biological control of these pests have prompted a search for new natural enemies. At the start of the growing season, blue sticky traps suspended from the. Frankliniella occidentalis is the key vector responsible for the emergence of tomato spotted wilt virus as a global threat to agriculture. The western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis develops in six stages. Ullman3 1 department of plant pathology, university of california davis, davis, california, united states of america, 2 department of plant pathology, kansas state university, manhattan, kansas, united states of america, 3. Frankliniella occidentalis bulletin of insectology. Its invasiveness is largely attributed to the international movement of plant material and insecticide resistance, both of which have combined to foster the rapid spread. Thysanoptera, thripidae bryan, douglas everett, smith, ray f. Control biologico del trips frankliniella occidentalis. It is arguably the most studied thrips in the world today.
The western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, is a polyphagous pest that has been spread worldwide. They are inserted into the plant tissue with a sawlike ovipositor. Predation of frankliniella occidentalis thysanoptera. Insects free fulltext behavioral responses of western. Life history characteristics of frankliniella occidentalis on cucumber. The appearance of frankliniella occidentalis pergande in hungary. Repellency of essential oils to frankliniella occidentalis. The association of western flower thrips, frankliniella. Seasonal occurrence of western flower thrips, frankliniella. Sakimura bishop museum, honolulu, hawaii noneofthe 7 spp. Western flower thrips wft, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, is a highly invasive pest, infesting.
Frankliniella occidentalis apparently was originally distributed throughout the semiarid parts of southwestern north america, but the pest is now almost cosmopolitan. Documents about frankliniella occidentalis franoc number title download. The original name for frankliniella occidentalis was euthrips occidentalis pergande 1895 hoddle et al. Frankliniella occidentalis and thrips hawaiiensis are sympatric pests on flower and vegetable host plants in china. Control of western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pupae with metarhizium anisopliae in peat and peat alternative growing media. Rapid diagnosis of the invasive species, frankliniella. Proteomic analysis of frankliniella occidentalis and differentially. Two of the most abundant thrips in the southeastern usa are frankliniella occidentalis pergande and frankliniella tritici fitch thysanoptera. Frankliniella occidentalis 2002 eppo bulletin wiley. Larvae of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis are known to produce an anal droplet containing decyl acetate 10ac and dodecyl acetate 12ac, which act as an alarm pheromone. Along with the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis, tswv is also vectored by other thrips species present in hawaii including yellow flower thrips frankliniella schultzei, onion thrips thrips tabaci, and chili thrips scirtothrips dorsalis. Frankliniella karny and iridothrips priesner thripidae journalbook name, vol. Thripidae, is one of the worlds major pests causing damage to a wide range of economically important crops directly through feeding and indirectly through the transmission of harmful plant virus diseases van lenteren et al. Frankliniella occidentalis an overview sciencedirect.
A speciesspecific coi marker article in journal of applied entomology 66 july 2012 with 148 reads. Adult females lay individual eggs on the small fruit inside of the flower resulting in halo spots. The aim of this study was to look at the abundance and population structure of thrips within different flower stages and positions on the plant to test whether. The basis of good ipm strategies in covered crops is firstly to produce thripsfree conditions through weed control. Thripidae originated in western north america and has since become a major pest of vegetables, fruit and ornamental crops across the us and around the world. Pdf low temperature mortality and overwintering of the. Biological control of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Life history characteristics of frankliniella occidentalis. Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande 6 thrips in the field with sticky traps, but trap catches have rarely been shown to reflect population size accurately or to be accurate predicators of damage.
Frankliniella occidentalis browse species thrips of. Jun 27, 2005 two major components have been detected in the headspace volatiles of adult male frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Frankliniella occidentalis franocphotos eppo global. A global invasion by the thrip, frankliniella occidentalis. Thripidae, in glasshouse sweet peppers with orius spp. Like the immature stages, frankliniella bispinosa adults resemble other frankliniella species, and are commonly found in association with frankliniella triciti and frankliniella occidentalis. It attacks the stamen and young berries of strawberry blossoms in springtime. An evaluation of frankliniella occidentalis thysanoptera. Low temperature mortality and overwintering of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis thysanoptera. This species has a high number of synonymies as a result of the variability that frankliniella occidentalis has in structure and color in its native range. In addition to causing extensive crop damage, the species is notorious for vectoring destructive plant viruses, mainly belonging to the genera orthotospovirus, ilarvirus, alphacarmovirus and machlomovirus. This species of thrips is native to the southwestern united states but has spread to other continents, including europe, australia where it was identified in may 1993, and south america via transport of infested plant material. Categories have been assigned by the eppo secretariat on the basis of available data at the time of entry.
Thripidae, has become one of the most important agricultural pests worldwide. Identification of a maleproduced aggregation pheromone in. Find the perfect western flower thrip frankliniella occidentalis stock photo. A new attractant for monitoring western flower thrips. Frankliniella occidentalis, frankliniella tritici, frankliniella bispinosa r esumen frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Mar 31, 2012 the frankliniella occidentalis pergande complex in california. Frankliniella bispinosa is a common thrips in florida, the bahamas, and bermuda, but the role of f. Frankliniella invasor browse species thrips of california. They correspond to an evaluation of the biological importance of the host plant for the pest concerned, together with the economic importance of this plant for the eppo region. Body and legs variable, mainly brown with head and pronotum often paler than abdomen, tibiae and tarsi largely yellow. Thripidae, is present in the droplet of anal fluid produced by secondinstar nymphs when attacked by predators. In this study, the distance traveled by wft to locate yellow cards using only visual cues and visual cues plus olfactory cues was studied first. Since the 1970s frankliniella occidentalis has successfully invaded many.
The spread of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, has resulted in the world. An increasing problem is the emergence of tswv resistancebreaking strains that overcome the resistance genes in pepper and tomato. Ctenidia present on tergite viii and it lies anterior to spiracle. Since the 1970s frankliniella occidentalis has successfully invaded many countries to become one of the most important agricultural pests of ornamental, vegetable and fruit crops globally. The western flower thrips is a major agricultural and garden pest, affecting hundreds of cultivated and weedy species. Analysis of anal droplets of the western flower thrips. Frankliniella intonsa recognition data distinguishing features.
Biological control of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Thrips management in greenhouses fact sheet fs762 2012 of the many species of thrips commonly found in greenhouses, flower thrips frankliniella tritici, western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis and chilli thrips scirtothrips dorsalis are most problematic. In addition, thrips caught on sticky cards may be difficult to identify to species. Frankliniella occidentalis is a key pest because of damage caused by its feeding and oviposition in many crops and because it is a vector of tomato spotted wilt virus childers 1997. The western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Biotic resistance limits the invasiveness of the western. Species scientific name, pests common names, glossary, crops.
The spread of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande. Abstract western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, and onion thrips, thrips tabaci, are both important polyphagous pests of vegetables and ornamentals in greenhouses. Jul 10, 2009 comparative life history studies of frankliniella occidentalis and thrips tabaci thysanoptera. Commonly intercepted thrips thysanoptera from europe, the mediterranean, and africa at u. Rapid diagnosis of the invasive species, frankliniella occidentalis pergande.
For frankliniella occidentalis pergande in strawberry, counts of thrips in flowers are commonly used as there is a strong correlation between thrips number per flower and fruit damage. Insects free fulltext behavioral responses of western flower. White netting marks and silvering occur from thrips feeding on nectarine fruits utah state university. Frankliniella occidentalis wikibooks, open books for an. Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips in the. Western flower thrips, franklinella occidentalis pergande is considered the most destructive insect pest of greenhousegrown crops due to direct feeding damage to plant parts such as foliage and flowers, and indirect damage by vectoring the tospoviruses. Exclusion of the predator with synthetic insecticides resulted in continued abundance of thrips. Analysis by gc showed that the combined mass of 10ac and 12ac per droplet increased with age of second instars from 2 ng to 18 ng, while the mass ratio.
The extensive use of insecticides in attempts to control its populations. Repellency of essential oils to frankliniella occidentalis thysanoptera. Pdf sampling for estimating frankliniella species flower. Situation of frankliniella occidentalis in croatia. Most recently, the predatory mite amblyseius swirskii has been commercialised as biological control agent of whiteflies. Thripidae, in gerberas, chrysanthemums and roses andrew g manners 1, brock r dembowski 1,2 and. Western flower thrips wft, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, is a highly invasive pest, infesting many species of plants worldwide, but few studies have investigated the visual and olfactory cues associated with their foraging behaviors. Thripidae, was first described in california in 1895, and since the 1970s, it had invaded much of the world and became dominant population in most of the areas where it had been introduced kirk and terry 2003, morse and hoddle 2006. Since the introduction of frankliniella occidentalis in europe, tomato spotted wilt virus tswv has become one of the limiting factors for vegetable crops such as tomato, pepper, and lettuce. Western flower thrip frankliniella occidentalis stock photos. Terminal part of antennae of frankliniella occidentalis showing the additional antennal segment of the latter. Frankliniella occidentalis pergande and frankliniella intonsa trybom are sympatric pests of many greenhouse and field crops in korea. The compounds were identified as rlavandulyl acetate and neryl s2methylbutanoate by comparison with synthetic standards using gas chromatography gc, gcmass spectrometry ms.
Western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis p. Western flower thrip frankliniella occidentalis stock. Effect of plastic mulch colour on infestation by frankliniella occidentalis and other thrips. Other native thrips species that commonly inhabit vegetable crops include frankliniella tritici fitch and frankliniella bispinosa morgan. Thripline is a proprietary product containing the aggregation pheromone of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. Aside from damage due to feeding, its ability to act as a vector for viruses makes it particularly problematic. Frankliniella occidentalis wikispecies, free species. Western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Frankliniella invasor, new species, and notes on f.
All clean host plants were maintained in a thrips proof nursery chamber at glasshouse conditions 2830c and 70%80% r. Two frankliniella species are widespread around the world, f. World distribution of frankliniella occidentalis franoc. Frankliniella occidentalis has been reported as one of the major pests associated with strawberry. Frankliniella occidentalis can transmit impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus to peppermint. Abstract the development time, fecundity, longevity, and resultant intrinsic growth rate of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. Prey suitability of western flower thrips, frankliniella. A nyugati viragtripsz frankliniella occidentalis pergande megjelenese magyarorszagon. Pcrrflp method to distinguish frankliniella occidentalis, frankliniella intonsa, frankliniella pallida and frankliniella tenuicornis article pdf available january 2016 with 121 reads. Accordingly, the only safe measure is to ensure that the place of production is free from the pest by appropriate inspection oeppeppo, 1990. Western flower thrips wft, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, causes russetting, pansy spot and silvering damage on plums. Population development of frankliniella occidentalis and. Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis management.
Feeding by the adults and larvae can result in flecking on the surface of fruit and under heavy infestations, fruit deformity. Biological control of western flower thrips, frankliniella. Thrips pansy spot on mature idared apples utah state university. The western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande is an invasive pest insect in agriculture. Investigation into the apparent failure of chemical control. Picard i1, hollingsworth rg, salmieri s, lacroix m. This species is particularly similar to a caribbean species, frankliniella cephalica. Frankliniella occidentalis pergande basf detailed picture of damage on lettuce frankliniella occidentalis pergande adult pinot y. The frankliniella occidentalis pergande complex in california. The association of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, with a near erwinia species gut bacteria.
However, the symptoms of insect attack are not characterized and their presence are related to deformed fruits. Experimental releases were performed to investigate the potential of thrips parasitoids as biological control agents of western flower thrips, frankliniella. Thripidae from the asianpacific area chinling wang, fengchyi lin, yichung chiu, and hsientzung shih applied zoology division, taiwan agricultural research institute, 189 chungcheng road, wufeng, taichung 4, taiwan. Control of western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pupae with metarhizium anisopliae in peat. Theyall arrived here sometime in the 1920s and thereafter. Frankliniella intonsa browse species thrips of california. Inability of frankliniella occidentalis to overwinter. Western flower thrips wft, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. It has been documented to feed on over 500 different. Media in category frankliniella occidentalis the following 7 files are in this category, out of 7 total. Pm100228 eppo a1 and a2 lists of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests 2019.
Thripidae, is one of the most significant pests of commercial vegetables, fruits, and. The product is designed to improve the sensitivity of monitoring traps for thrips, particularly at low levels of infestation or in easily damaged crops. Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips cabi. The western flower thrips, however, is considered the most important vector. Pronotum with 2 pairs of large setae on anterior margin. Frankliniella occidentalis recognition data distinguishing features. Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande. Frankliniella occidentalis franocreporting articles. Comparative bionomics of frankliniella occidentalis and. It causes damage and spoilage to a vast number of economically important plant species through feeding, oviposition and spread of several plant diseases, most notably tospoviruses morse and hoddle, 2006. Control of western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. Pdf comparative life history studies of frankliniella. Thripidae as affected by type of oil and polymer release.
Thripidae that are not present in the headspace volatiles of adult females. It is hypothesized that frequent exposure to insecticides in intensive agriculture selected for resistant populations, which allowed invasive populations in the eastern usa to overcome biotic. However, this species is variable in size and colour, the dark brown form being more common at low temperatures, and the pale yellow form at higher temperatures, but. Inra montpellier to read this page in french hyppz on line. Download fulltext pdf control biologico del trips frankliniella occidentalis pergande en freson article pdf available january 1992 with 5,629 reads. Western flower thrip, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, is among the most economically important agricultural pests globally, attacking a wide range of vegetable and horticultural crops.
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